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	HARDWARE: Topologies bus All nodes are connected to a single wire or cable (the bus) which has two endpoints. Each communications device on the network transmits electronic messages to other devices. If some of those messages collide, the sending device will wait and then try to transmit again. The advantage of bus network is that it is can be organized as a peer-to-peer network or client/server network. It is also relatively inexpensive to install. The disadvantage is that if the bus network fails, the whole system network fails. The wider the bus the better! ring The ring network is a network in which all communications devices and microprocessors are connected in a continuous loop. Electronic messages pass around the ring until they reach the correct destination; there is no central server. The advantage of a ring network is that messages only flow in one direction. The disadvantage is that if a single connection is broken, the whole network stops working. The distributed star or tree topology can provide many of the advantages of the bus and the star topologies. It connects workstations to a central point, called a hub. This hub can support several workstations or hubs which, in turn, can support other workstations. Distributed star topologies can be easily adapted to the physical arrangement of the facility site. (Integrated Publishing) star A network that links all microcomputer and other communication devices through a central server. The advantages of this hub is that it prevents impact between messages. The network forms a star shape having the central server in the middle with a single branch outward, the branch will not branch to another device. Other Advantages Include: * Good performance. * Scalable, Easy to set up and to expand. * Any non-centralised failure will have very little effect on the network, whereas on a ring network it would all fail with one fault. * Easy to detect faults * Data Packets are sent quickly as they do not have to travel through any unnecessary nodes. * It is used for centralised control. TRAVEL TO ARIZONA Arizona had an estimated population of over 7 million. Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It borders New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, touches Colorado, and has an international border with the states of Sonora and Baja California in Mexico. In addition to the Grand Canyon, many other national forests, parks, monuments, and Indian reservations are located in the state. The capital and largest city in Arizona is Phoenix. Flagstaff has a strong tourism sector, due to its proximity to Grand Canyon National Park, Sedona, and Oak Creek Canyon. Historic Route 66 is the main east-west street. Flagstaff is home to over 60,000 residents and the main campus of Northern Arizona University. Due to its numerous golf courses, Arizona is home to several stops on the PGA Tour, most notably at the FBR Open, more commonly known as the Phoenix Open. Places to Visit in Arizona: 1. The Grand Canyon is a colorful, steep-sided gorge, carved by the Colorado River, in northern Arizona. The Grand Canyon National Park is one of the seven wonders of the world and one of the first national parks in the United States. Try for an overnight stay so that you can enjoy the sunset and sunrise at the Canyon's rim! 2. Railroad through the Verde Valley and see the untouched Arizona. 3. Canyon de Chelly - A beautiful area located in the heart of the Navajo Nation. The Navajo Nation is also the gateway to Monument Valley. 4. Tombstone - the town too tough to die! Remember the scene of the gunfight at the OK corral? 5. I highly recommend visiting the Petrified Forest and the Painted Desert. Bring extra film or extra camera chips with you. 6. Jerome - the town that hangs on a hill side, barely! 7. Kartchner Caverns is Arizona's newest state park. 8. Montezuma Castle 9. Scottsdale is a popular destination for tourists as it is packed full with resorts, shopping, arts and atmosphere. 10. Coal Mine Canyon is the home of hoodoos and legends. 11. Sycamore Canyon - Shhh, it's a secret; another amazing Arizona canyon. 12. Arizona is home to one of the largest and most well-preserved meteorite impact sites in the world. The Barringer Meteorite Crater (better known simply as "Meteor Crater") is a gigantic hole in the middle of the high plains of the Colorado Plateau. The crater itself is nearly a mile wide, and 570 feet (174 m) deep! For more travel suggestions, please visit www.travelspotsintheus.com.